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(No Model.)

M. W. DEWEY.

ELECTRIC HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 423,223. Patented Mar. 11, 1890.

T oooooooooooooooooooo .ooooooooooooooooooo p 0' o'ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo pooooooooooooooooooo loooooooooooooooooooo DQEOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOO WITNESSES: INVENTOR BY AM, ATTORNEYS UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARK V. DEYVEY, OF SYRACUSE, NEV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE DEWEYCORPORATION, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,223, dated March11, 1890.

Application filed December 13, 1889. Serial No. 383,574. (No model.)

' wood or metal and perforated on all sides, ex-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARK W. DEWEY, of Syracuse, in the county ofOnondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Electric-Heating Apparatus, of which the following,taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear,and exact description.

My invention relates to electric-heating apparatus adapted for currentor currents of large volume and for use in my systems of electricheating shown and describedin United States Patents Nos. 401,482 and406,890, dated, respectively, April 16, 1889, and July 16, 1880.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efficient heaterthat will expose a large radiating surface and occupy a very smallspace, so that it may be placed in waste room, as under the se'ats incars and other vehicles.

My invention consists, essentially, in the combination, with suitablesupply-conductors, of a resistance or radiating device composed of thinfiat sheets of metal, preferably iron, connected together in series; andit consists, further, in arranging the sheets parallel, side by side,and with air-spaces between them, and also arranging the heating deviceso that one end will have-free movement longitudinally within the frameor case to allow for expansion and contraction due to heating by thepassage thcrethrough of the electric currents and cooling upon thecessation of the currents. as hereinafter referred to, to operate asuitable circuit maker and breaker to prevent undue heating of thedevice.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows the plan view of the heaterwith the top plate of easing removed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation withthe side plate of easing re moved. Fig. 3 shows a perforated flat sheetof metal for a heater. Fig. 4 is an end elevation of a heater providedwith a manual circuit maker and breaker; and Fig. 5 is a plan viewsimilar to Fig. l, but with the middle portion broken away, showing anadjustable automatic circuit maker and breaker.

Referring specifically to the drawings, A in the figures represents theframe or casing of the heater, which is constructed of either The saidmovement is utilized,

cept the ends, to allow circulation of the air therethrough. Vithin thecasing A, and extending longitudinally th erein, are thin sheets of ironB, preferably ordinary sheet-iron, arranged parallel side by side, withair-spaces between them, and connected together in series by metal posts0, to which the sheets are riveted, soldered,or otherwise fastened. Thesheets B are held an equal distance apart by said posts at each end ofthe device, and the posts are stayed and supported by non-conductingpieces D andD',0f terra-cotta or other suitable non-conducting material,to which pieces the said posts are secured. The nonconducting piece D isfastened to its end of the case A; but the other non-conducting piece Dis left free to move toward and from its end of the case, or in adirection of the length of the sheets B, to allow for the expansion andcontraction of the sheets when heated and cooled; otherwise if thesheets were placed quite close together they would bow and bend, toucheach other, and short-circuit the current.

The dotted line 00 indicates the point to which the piece D will movewhen the sheets expand.

The posts 0, connected with the terminal sheets B, are connected to thebinding-posts a and a of the heater, and the supply-conductors b and bare connected to said binding-posts.

The sheets B may be perforated in some cases to increase the resistanceof the heater, as shown in Fig. 3.

On the end elevation (shown in Fig. at) is a manual switch or circuitmaker and breaker E. The same is shown in its open position between thepoints 0 and c, and with aspringcatch d holding the same in thisposition, so that it will not be closed by the jolting of the car. Thefulcrum of the switch-lever E is connected to one of the terminal posts0'.

The automatic circuit maker and breaker (represented in Fig. 5) iscomposed of a metallic hook e on the movable end of the device andconnected to one of the posts C, and a springplate e, fixed at one endto the end and interior of the case A and connected to one of thebinding-posts a. The free end of the plate 6 bears upon the inside ofthehook e when the sheets B are not very hot; but when the temperatureof the sheets has been raised sufficiently by the passage of the currenttherethrough the said sheets expand in length until the hook isseparated from the plate, and the circuit through the heater is therebybroken and the currentinterrupted. The heater is then allowed to cooland contract until the circuit is again completed between the hook andspring-plate e, permitting again the passage therethrough of thecurrent. An adjusting-screw regulatesand determines the extent to whichthe temperature of the heater is to be raised by varying the pressure ofthe spring-plate upon the hook.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

1. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a perforated flatsheet of metal, substantially as described.

2. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofperforated flat sheets of metal c011- nected together in series,substantially as described.

3. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofperforated fiat sheets of metal, substantially as described.

4. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of aradia-ting device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofperforated parallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side andconnected together in series, substantially as described.

5. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-00nductors,of aradiatingdevice connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, and connected together in series by posts of metal,substantially as described.

6. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conduetors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, and connected together in series by posts of metal andnon-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, substantially asdescribed.

'7. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, and connected together in series by posts of metal,non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, and a suitableframe or case inclosing the device, substantially as described.

9. In an electric heater, the combination,

with the supply-conductors, of a radiating device connected thereto,consisting of a plurality of parallel flat sheets of metal arranged sideby side, with air-spaces between, and connected together in series byposts of metal, non-conducting pieces to stay' and support the posts, asuitable frame or case inclosing the device, and one end of theradiating device arranged to have free movement longitudiposts, asuitable frame or case inclosing the.

device, one end of the radiating device ar ranged to have free movementlongitudinally within the case to allow for expansion and contractiondue to heating by the passage therethrough of the electric current andcooling upon the cessation of the current, and a circuit maker andbreaker adapted to be operated by said movement.

10. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating de vice connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, and connected together in series by posts of metal,non-conducting pieces to stay and support the posts, a suitable frame orcase inclosing the device, one end of the radiating device arranged tohave free movement longitudinally within the case to allow for expansionand contraction due to heating by the passage therethrough of theelectric current and cooling upon the cessationof the current, and anadjustable circuit maker and breaker adapted to be operated by saidmovement.

11. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consisting of a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, a suitable frame or case inclosing the device, and one end ofthe radiating device arranged to have free movement longitudinallywithin the case to allow for expansion and contraction due to heating bythe passage therethrough otthe electric current and cooling upon thecessation. of the current, substantially as set forth.

12. In an electric heater, the combination, with the supply-conductors,of a radiating device connected thereto, consistingof a plurality ofparallel flat sheets of metal arranged side by side, with air-spacesbetween, a suitable frame or case inclosing the device, one end of theradiating device arranged to have free movementlongitudinally within thecase to allow for expansion and bontraetion due signed my name this 11thday of December,

to heating by the passage therethrough of 1889.

the electric current and cooling upon the J r r R cessationof thecurrent, and a circuit maker MARK 5 and breaker adapted to be operatedby said Witnesses:

movement. C. H. DUELL,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto A. F. WVALZ.

